The conversion method, that is applied at 500°C, is additionally called chemical change cracking as a result of it uses a substance known as a catalyst to hurry up the chemical change. This method converts seventy fifth of the significant merchandise into gas, hydrocarbon and diesel.
The yield can be increased further by adding hydrogen, a process called hydrocracking, or by using deep conversion to remove carbon.
So both oil and gas hydrocracking processes are similar because both.
Petroleum refinement processes and operations may be classified into the subsequent basic areas: separation, conversion, treatment, formulating and mixing, auxiliary refinement operations and refinement non-process operations.
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Can oil and gas refineries be built closer to the source of the raw materials, rather than using pipelines?
Sure. But the closeness to the raw materials isn't the only consideration.
You also want to be close to your appropriately skilled workforce and your customer base. Your refinery needs to be by a large port, so that you can export any products you can't sell domestically and so you can bring in feedstocks if your refinery is not pipeline fed. Or bring in finished grades to support the grades you are structurally short in etc.
Look at a very mature refining market like the UK. The surviving refineries are not near the North Sea oil fields (leave aside the complication that not all their feedstock will be from the North Sea). Why? Because there's not enough customers in the arse end of Scotland. The biggest refineries supply the UK fuel corridor and the South East.
Ultimately, it is pretty easy (and relatively cheap) to transport crude. It's not so easy to sell all your refined products. Unless all you want to sell are huge cargoes of product on the export market. But that's typically a less profitable part of the business (and refining is low margin anyway).
Additionally bear in mind that many refineries will not be fed from only one field. Many refineries in the USA are optimized for processing Venezuelan crude, for example. Even if you were building a brand new refinery, the economics might favor processing crudes that are not local (maybe local crude is very expensive but you have special upgrading units that can process far away but cheap crude). It depends on a whole bunch of factors.
What is the difference between oil and gas refineries in UK and USA?
There is no difference in refineries due to their location. All oil refineries distill crude oil into fractions. The highest fraction is gas, and the lowest in either tar or pet coke. In between, there are petrol, diesel, kerosene or aviation fuel, and furnace oil.
Depending upon the time when the refineries were set up, the efficiencies would be different. Some refineries can process only low sulfur crude, others are designed for just any crude. The end product mix would also be different depending upon the market that the refinery will be serving.
Reliance refinery in Jamnagar, Gujarat, remains the world’s largest single location refinery with a capacity of about 100 million tonnes of crude a year, and it can process the heaviest and high sulfur crude oils, including Iranian crude.
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